The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• , linked together by covalent bonds. According to the self-consistent mean field (or SCMF) theory [39], it is possible to predict the nanoscopic domain structure (i.e., spherical, cylindrical, double gyroid, and lamellar) for an AB diblock copolymer (as reported in Figure 1A) [40][41][42]. As indicated in

• processes with novel and more sustainable solutions could be a path forward, but the discussion is still open. a) Phase diagram of diblock copolymer predicted by SCMF theory. Reprinted with permission from [41], copyright 2006 American Chemical Society. b) Various microdomain organization patterns of a

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic bath for two minutes. Then they were rinsed with isopropanol, and finally dried with nitrogen gas. A symmetric diblock copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly-2-vinylpyridine, PS(133000)-block-P2VP(132000), polymer source) was dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1 mg

• -field spectroscopy. Finally we show that by tuning the size (and thus the inter-particle spacing) of the particles, a higher SERS signal intensity could be obtained. The PS-b-P2VP diblock copolymer is dissolved in toluene, which is an apolar solvent. An apolar solvent dissolves preferentially the PS

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• . 12 nm) are deposited on the silicon oxide layer with a quasi-hexagonal order by self-organization. This is realized by dip-coating from a solution of Au salt-loaded PS–P2VP diblock copolymer micelles directly on the upper membrane face (coating is done without preceding deposition of appropriate

• self-organization of Au-loaded diblock copolymer micelles followed by plasma treatments. (b) Applying a photochemical growth process the Au NP size can be enlarged in a controlled way. (c) The resulting NP mask is exploited to etch nanopillars by RIE, (d) a Cr layer (black) is evaporated, (e) and the

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• mass diblock copolymer of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine for ligand exchange at the nanoparticle surface. The method enables the preparation of stable sols of Au nanorods with sizes of up to tens of nanometers or Au nanospheres in various organic solvents. By comparing the optical absorbance spectra of Au

• nanoparticle surface is shortened. In this study, we propose a facile route to organophilization of Au nanoparticles using a high molecular mass diblock copolymer of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine. Our method provides fast phase transfer of nanorods of different sizes and aspect ratios and their redispersion in

• approved two-stage technique. We transferred Au nanorods to organic media via 5 min of mixing of their hydrosol with a solution of PS-b-P2VP diblock copolymer in tetrahydrofuran. After drying, redissolution in tetrahydrofuran, precipitation by ethanol, centrifugation, and again drying, nanorods were

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• case of polymethacrylic acid due to its potential to carry negative charge [94]. Que et al. reported that the size of the polystyrene block affected the stability of gold nanoparticles coated with a poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene diblock copolymer in water. A shorter polystyrene chain length led

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• amphiphilic, bipolar diblock copolymer poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride]-block-poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PMETAC-b-PEGMA). Characterization of MWCNT hybrids The hybrids were investigated using several methods. The morphology is well visible in transmission electron

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• particle size, distance and arrangement [11]. Since this preparation is almost independent of the substrate, we successfully deposited the well-separated NPs on a-SiO2/Si(001), sapphire(0001) and magnesium oxide MgO(001). In brief, reverse micelles were formed using a commercial diblock-copolymer (PS-P2VP

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• various surfaces in which the stability of AuNPs, interface layer and the support surface are important for the self-organization. Han et al. have demonstrated the growth of a single layer AuNPs film deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate without using an adhesive layer by utilizing diblock

• copolymer micelle and spin casting technique [18], while Acik et al. reported in situ deposition of AuNPs on ITO and glass substrate by using spray pyrolysis (temperature range of 260–400 °C) [19]. Wu et al. proposed AuNPs deposition by centrifugation where the thickness depended on centrifugation time [20

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• excellent reproducibility and a narrow distribution of the geometrical characteristics [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The method typically makes use of a nanoporous membrane as a template along with a method for filling its pores. As templates, most used are polymer ion track membranes, anodic alumina and diblock

• copolymer templates, while the filling methods range from electrochemical or electroless deposition, to atomic layer deposition or molten metal injection. The nanoporous polymer ion track membranes are obtained by polymer foil irradiation with swift heavy ions and further chemical etching of the ion tracks

Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals

• Johannes Ostermann,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Christopher Wolter,
• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Hauke Kloust and
• Horst Weller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22

• application are addressed. It is shown how to overcome the different issues by the use of a polymeric encapsulation system, based on an amphiphilic polyisoprene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer. On the basis of this simple molecule, the development of a versatile and powerful phase transfer

• results proof the superior applicability of the PI-b-PEG encapsulated nanoparticles in biomedicine. Conclusion This review has shown how the amphiphilic PI-b-PEG diblock copolymer can be used as a very versatile and powerful tool for the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles for the biomedical use

• . Especially the easily adjustable properties like size, surface chemistry and the shielding of the nanoparticles within the resulting nanocontainer are of a high importance, since these parameters determine the interaction with biomaterial. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that this diblock copolymer

High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology

• Jorge Trasobares,
• François Vaurette,
• Marc François,
• Hans Romijn,
• Jean-Louis Codron,
• Dominique Vuillaume,
• Didier Théron and
• Nicolas Clément

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1918–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.202

• , fabrication of 1 cm2 nanoarray of 10 nm gold NPs with 100 nm pitch requires 4 days of e-beam writing [1]. To overcome this problem, several alternative techniques are proposed [2][16][17][18]. The diblock-copolymer approach that consists of two chemically different polymer chains (or blocks) joined by a

Trade-offs in sensitivity and sampling depth in bimodal atomic force microscopy and comparison to the trimodal case

• Babak Eslami,
• Daniel Ebeling and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1144–1151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.125

• of tip position and velocity, one of these two effects will dominate. In this particular case, the loss in sensitivity dominates and the phase values increase (see also reference [24] for a similar type of experiment on a polystyrene–polybutadiene diblock copolymer). This result may or may not be

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• etching and, consequently, the achievable pillar height is strongly restricted. The present work presents approaches on how to get around both problems. For this purpose, arrays of Au NPs (starting diameter 12 nm) are deposited on top of silica substrates by applying diblock copolymer micelle

• the precursor-loaded micelles during their deposition onto the substrate to form hexagonal arrays leads to correspondingly arranged Au NP after plasma and annealing treatments [4][5][6]. Furthermore, the total length of the diblock-copolymer and the pulling velocity of the substrate during the dip

• Materials used in the experiment: Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer (PS(1850)-b-P2VP(900) was purchased from Polymer Source Inc., Canada. VLSI grade toluene was purchased from J. T. Baker, Netherlands. Gold(III) chloride hydrate (HAuCl4·H2O) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) were

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• removed and the precursor can be reduced to metallic Au NPs. The most attractive features of this approach are the control over the size of the NPs (determined by the amount of added precursor) as well as over the interparticle distance (determined by the total length of the diblock-copolymer and the

Repulsive bimodal atomic force microscopy on polymers

• Alexander M. Gigler,
• Christian Dietz,
• Maximilian Baumann,
• Nicolás F. Martinez,
• Ricardo García and
• Robert W. Stark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 456–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.52

• regime of dynamic force microscopy. We thus investigated bimodal imaging on a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene diblock copolymer surface and on polystyrene. The attractive operation regime was only stable when the amplitude of the second eigenmode was kept small compared to the amplitude of the

• magnitude smaller than the first two fundamental eigenmodes. Thus, repulsive bimodal imaging of polymer surfaces yields a good signal quality for amplitude ratios smaller than A01/A02 = 10:1 without affecting the topography feedback. Keywords: bimodal AFM imaging; diblock copolymer; polybutadiene

• experiments. Thus, a stable repulsive regime could be achieved while excessive tip–sample forces were avoided. Bimodal imaging The imaging of a thin film of a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene (SB) diblock copolymer was conducted on a Dimension 3100 AFM with a Nanoscope IV controller (Veeco Metrology Inc

Surface induced self-organization of comb-like macromolecules

• Konstantin I. Popov,
• Vladimir V. Palyulin,
• Martin Möller,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Igor I. Potemkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 569–584, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.61

• -vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (P2VP-b-PEO) diblock copolymer by proton transfer at different degrees of neutralization. Then scanning force microscopy (SFM) and X-ray studies were applied to assess the morphology. The agreement was found to be especially good for the diameters of cylindrical domains

• molecular motor by analogy with the directional movement of diblock copolymers [120]. Computer simulations demonstrated that diblock copolymer adsorbed on a striped surface can shift preferentially in one direction if one of the blocks undergoes periodic collapse and readsorption [120]. In the case of combs

• copolymer domains. A chemically heterogeneous surface pattern can reliably be generated from ultrathin films with thickness much smaller than the equilibrium period of the bulk morphology. For instance, this can be obtained by the adsorption of a polystyrene-block-poly(2,4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer

Fabrication of multi-parametric platforms based on nanocone arrays for determination of cellular response

• Lindarti Purwaningsih,
• Tobias Schoen,
• Tobias Wolfram,
• Claudia Pacholski and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 545–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.58

• of the nanocone arrays. Results and Discussion Scheme 1 shows the fabrication process for nanocone arrays with gold tips. First, arrays of gold nanoparticles were deposited on a glass surface by diblock copolymer micelle lithography (BCML); this is a versatile technique which allows for the

• generation of extended quasi-hexagonal arrays of metallic nanoparticles with tuneable interparticle distance (Scheme 1a). Briefly, a diblock copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine), PS-b-P2VP) was utilized as a nanoreactor for depositing metallic nanoparticles. A representative SEM image of an as

• . Obviously, gold is mainly detected at the tips of the silica nanocones (Figure 1, second row). The height of the different nanostructures is similar and does not depend on the employed diblock copolymer but rather on the etching time (cross-sectional SEM images, third row). Important parameters of the

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• orientation of the STO substrates we find a cube-on-cube growth of the Pt film on the STO(100) with orientations Pt(100)||STO(100) and Pt[010]||STO[010]. Co nanoparticles on Pt films The preparation of metal NPs is based on spherical reverse micelles formed by the diblock copolymer poly(styrene)[m]-block-poly

Organic–inorganic nanosystems

• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 363–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.41

• –inorganic nanosystems enter the stage. Imagine an organic moiety such as a diblock-copolymer, in an appropriate solvent, forming an even more complex building block such as a nanoscaled micelle, which, in turn, can be deposited onto an inorganic substrate such as a Si-wafer by dip coating. Due to the

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• described previously [27][28]. The Au NPs coated silicon wafer was prepared using a micelle encapsulation method [53][54]. Au nanoparticles were encapsulated by diblock copolymer poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine). The solution was deposited onto silicon wafer and dried under a nitrogen flow. After